Conditional Statements



A conditional statement is a statement that runs a command block only when certain conditions are met.


conditional statements are used to control or decide the flow depending on condition.


There are four types of conditional statements


1) If Statement


2) If Else Statement


3) Elif  Statement


4)Nested If Statement




1) If Statement :-


If statement is a simplest conditional statement.


It is used when you need to print out the result when one of the condition is True or False.




Syntax -:


if(condition):


      indented Statement Block




Example -:



X=input("Enter your name-:")



if (X=="RAJ"):


    print (f" HELLO {X}")



Output-:


Enter your name-:RAJ


 HELLO RAJ



Flowchart -:













2) If Else Statement -:


In If-Else statement, If statement checks the given condition is True or Not and if the given condition is True it will directly executes the indented block of code.

In Else statement it will executes the statement in Else block.



Syntax -:


if(condition):

      Indented statement block for when condition is TRUE

else:

      Indented statement block for when condition is FALSE



Example -:


A=int(input("Enter a first number-:"))

B=int(input("Enter a second number-:"))


if (A>B):

    print (f" A IS GREATER")

else:

    print (f" B IS GREATER")



Output -:


Enter a first number-:20

Enter a second number-:10

 A IS GREATER


Enter a first number-:10

Enter a second number-:20

 B IS GREATER



Flowchart -:










3) Elif  Statement -:


Elif statement is used to check multiple conditions.



Syntax -:


if(Condition1):

      Indented statement block for Condition1

elif(Condition2):

       Indented statement block for Condition2

else:

       Alternate statement block if all condition check above fails



Example -:


A=int(input("Enter a first number-:"))

B=int(input("Enter a second number-:"))


if (A>B):

    print (f" A IS GREATER")

elif(B>A):

    print (f"  IS GREATER")

else:

    print (f" BOTH ARE SAME")



Output -:


Enter a first number-:40

Enter a second number-:20

 A IS GREATER


Enter a first number-:20

Enter a second number-:40

 B IS GREATER


Enter a first number-:20

Enter a second number-:20

 BOTH ARE SAME



Flowchart -:









4) Nested If Statement -:


If statement inside another if statement this is called nesting.

indentation is the only way to figure out the level of nesting.



Syntax -:


if (condition1):

     Executes when condition1 is true

   if (condition2): 

        Executes when condition2 is true

     if Block is end here

  if Block is end her



Example -:



N=int(input("Enter a year-:"))


if (N%4==0):

    if (N%100==0):

        if (N%400==0):

            print (f" {N} IS A LEAP YEAR")

        else:

            print (f" {N} IS NOT A LEAP YEAR")

    else:

        print (f" {N} IS A LEAP YEAR")

else:

    print (f" {N} IS NOT A LEAP YEAR")



Output -:


Enter a year-:2012

 2012 IS A LEAP YEAR


Enter a year-:2014

 2014 IS NOT A LEAP YEAR



Flowchart -:

        



                                                                                                                      


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